Business
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conflicts-of-interestjoellewisIdentify, disclose, and mitigate conflicts of interest in advisory and brokerage relationships under Reg BI and fiduciary duty. Use when the user asks about compensation-based conflicts, proprietary product incentives, revenue sharing disclosure, principal trading consent, soft dollar arrangements, pay-to-play restrictions, gifts and entertainment limits, personal trading policies, or code of ethics requirements. Also trigger when users mention 'is this a conflict', 'recommending our own funds',corporate-actionsjoellewisProcess and manage corporate actions from announcement through settlement. Use when handling dividends, stock splits, reverse splits, mergers, or spin-offs, managing voluntary elections for tender offers, rights offerings, or exchange offers, calculating record date and ex-date entitlements under T+1 settlement, collecting and submitting elections to DTC or custodians, handling fractional shares and proration for reorganization events, adjusting cost basis and tax lots after events, reconciling counterparty-riskjoellewisGuide counterparty credit risk measurement and management for OTC and securities trading, organized around three workflows: assessing a new counterparty, responding to a credit-deterioration event, and executing a default close-out. Use when measuring current or potential future exposure to a counterparty, setting or reviewing counterparty credit limits, evaluating ISDA Master Agreement netting and close-out mechanics, designing CSA collateral terms or uncleared margin compliance (VM/IM, SIMM), crm-client-lifecyclejoellewisDesign and optimize CRM systems and client lifecycle workflows for advisory firms, covering segmentation, household management, service tiers, and retention analytics. Use when the user asks about client segmentation models, building household structures, defining service tier SLAs, scheduling reviews, tracking lifecycle stages from prospect through estate, identifying at-risk clients, analyzing wallet share, consolidating held-away assets, or evaluating CRM platforms. Also trigger when users mecurrencies-and-fxjoellewisAnalyze currency markets, exchange rate mechanics, and FX risk management for international portfolios. Use when the user asks about exchange rates, FX hedging, interest rate parity, carry trades, forward premiums, cross rates, or currency overlay programs. Also trigger when users mention 'strong dollar', 'weak euro', 'hedging foreign stocks', 'purchasing power parity', 'currency risk in my portfolio', 'EUR/USD', 'yen carry trade', or ask whether to hedge international investments.data-qualityjoellewisDesign and operate data quality programs for financial data — validation rules, pricing validation, data lineage, exception management, profiling, and governance. Use when building validation rules for pricing or client data pipelines, detecting stale prices, designing a data quality monitoring framework, calibrating validation thresholds, implementing data lineage for BCBS 239 or MiFID II, investigating reconciliation breaks or billing errors traced to bad data, preparing for regulatory exams odigital-assetsjoellewisAnalyze digital assets including cryptocurrency fundamentals, blockchain mechanics, DeFi protocols, and on-chain metrics. Use when the user asks about crypto investing, Bitcoin, Ethereum, staking yields, DeFi lending, impermanent loss, or on-chain valuation metrics. Also trigger when users mention 'blockchain', 'proof of stake', 'proof of work', 'smart contracts', 'NFTs', 'stablecoins', 'NVT ratio', 'TVL', 'crypto portfolio allocation', 'halving', or ask about risks and returns of cryptocurrencydiversificationjoellewisBuild diversified portfolios using correlation analysis, efficient frontier construction, and factor-based diversification. Use when the user asks about portfolio variance, correlation effects, the efficient frontier, minimum variance portfolios, diversification ratios, or factor diversification. Also trigger when users mention 'don't put all eggs in one basket', 'how many stocks do I need', 'correlation breakdown in a crisis', 'are my holdings really diversified', 'risk contributions', or ask wemergency-fundjoellewisSize and structure an emergency fund based on individual circumstances, income stability, and expense profile. Use when the user asks about emergency fund sizing, how many months of expenses to save, where to keep emergency savings, or tiered fund structures. Also trigger when users mention 'rainy day fund', 'how much cash should I keep', 'high-yield savings account', 'money market fund', 'freelancer cash reserve', 'variable income buffer', or ask what counts as an emergency expense.equitiesjoellewisAnalyze equity securities, factor models, and equity portfolio construction. Use when the user asks about stocks, equity valuation ratios, index construction methods, or style analysis. Also trigger when users mention 'P/E ratio', 'growth vs value', 'market cap weighting', 'sector allocation', 'GICS classification', 'earnings per share', 'Fama-French factors', 'CAPM', 'dividend yield', 'PEG ratio', 'EV/EBITDA', or ask which factors explain equity returns.examination-readinessjoellewisPrepare for and respond to SEC and FINRA regulatory examinations across the full exam lifecycle. Use when the user asks about exam notification letters, document request lists, deficiency letter responses, mock examination programs, annual compliance reviews under Rule 206(4)-7, or SEC/FINRA examination priorities. Also trigger when users mention 'we just got an exam letter', 'preparing for our first SEC exam', 'how to respond to a deficiency finding', 'staff interview preparation', 'what does Ofee-billingjoellewisBuild and manage advisory fee billing operations from fee schedule design through calculation, collection, revenue recognition, and compliance disclosure. Use when the user asks about tiered or breakpoint fee schedules, billing cycle configuration, AUM valuation for billing, direct-debit vs invoice collection, GAAP revenue recognition for fees, ADV Part 2A or Reg BI fee disclosure, diagnosing billing exceptions or refunds, migrating from spreadsheet billing to automated systems, or forecasting afee-disclosurejoellewisEvaluate whether the substance of fee and cost disclosures is complete, accurate, and not misleading across advisory, brokerage, fund, and retirement plan contexts. Use when the user asks whether Form ADV Item 5 fee content is adequate, prospectus fee table format, Reg BI cost disclosure content, 12b-1 fee transparency, revenue sharing arrangements, wrap fee program cost-effectiveness, or ERISA 408(b)(2)/404a-5 fee disclosure content. Also trigger when users mention 'hidden fees', 'total cost tofiduciary-standardsjoellewisApply the investment adviser fiduciary duty (IA Act Section 206), ERISA fiduciary standards, the DOL fiduciary rule and PTE 2020-02, and state fiduciary rules. Use when the user asks whether a fiduciary standard applies, what the duty of care and duty of loyalty require of an adviser, ERISA Section 404 prudent expert obligations, PTE 2020-02 rollover exemption conditions, DOL fiduciary rulemaking status, or state-level fiduciary developments. Also trigger when users mention 'are we a fiduciary hfinance-psychologyjoellewisRecognize and mitigate cognitive biases that impair financial decisions, and coach clients toward values-driven financial lives. Use when the user asks about behavioral finance, money psychology, loss aversion, overconfidence, herd behavior, or emotional investing. Also trigger when users mention 'why do I panic sell', 'money fights with my spouse', 'I can never save enough', 'fear of investing', 'lifestyle creep', 'keeping up with the Joneses', 'Rich Life', 'money scripts', or ask how emotions financial-planning-workflowjoellewisOrchestrate the advisor workflow for assembling and delivering a comprehensive financial plan — data gathering, cash flow analysis, retirement modeling, Monte Carlo analysis, Roth conversion and withdrawal sequencing, Social Security claiming strategy, education and estate goals, scenario modeling, and prioritized recommendations. Use when the user asks about building a financial plan, structuring a planning engagement, retirement or Social Security modeling, Roth conversion strategy, scenario afixed-income-corporatejoellewisAnalyze corporate bonds and credit instruments including investment grade and high yield debt. Use when the user asks about corporate bonds, credit spreads (OAS, Z-spread, G-spread), credit ratings, default probabilities, callable bonds, or private credit. Also trigger when users mention 'junk bonds', 'fallen angel', 'yield-to-worst', 'covenant analysis', 'CDS spreads', 'recovery rates', 'direct lending', 'mezzanine debt', 'BBB downgrade risk', or ask how to evaluate corporate credit risk.fixed-income-municipaljoellewisAnalyze municipal bonds including tax-equivalent yield calculations, GO vs revenue bond evaluation, and muni credit analysis. Use when the user asks about municipal bonds, tax-exempt income, tax-equivalent yield, AMT bonds, callable bonds, yield-to-worst on munis, or muni credit quality. Also trigger when users mention 'muni bonds', 'tax-free bonds', 'state tax exemption', 'general obligation', 'revenue bonds', 'Build America Bonds', 'muni yield ratio', 'de minimis rule', or ask whether munis mafixed-income-sovereignjoellewisAnalyze US Treasury securities and interest rate risk: bond pricing, yield curve construction, duration, convexity, TIPS, and forward/spot rate analysis. Use when the user asks about Treasury bonds, yield curve construction, interest rate risk, duration, convexity, TIPS, or breakeven inflation rates. Also trigger when users mention 'T-bills', 'T-notes', 'bond pricing', 'yield to maturity', 'inverted yield curve', 'forward rates', 'spot rates', 'DV01', 'real yields', or ask how bonds react to intfixed-income-structuredjoellewisAnalyze structured fixed income products including mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and CLOs. Use when the user asks about MBS, ABS, CLOs, CDOs, prepayment risk, tranching, or waterfall structures. Also trigger when users mention 'mortgage bonds', 'agency MBS', 'pass-through securities', 'PSA prepayment speed', 'negative convexity', 'extension risk', 'contraction risk', 'CMO tranches', 'securitization', or ask how structured products redistribute credit and prepayment risk.forward-riskjoellewisEstimate potential future losses using VaR, Expected Shortfall, Monte Carlo simulation, and stress testing. Use when the user asks about Value-at-Risk, CVaR, Expected Shortfall, scenario analysis, stress testing, or factor-based risk decomposition. Also trigger when users mention 'how much could I lose', 'worst-case scenario', 'tail risk', 'risk budget', 'component VaR', 'marginal VaR', '99% confidence loss', 'Monte Carlo simulation', or ask how to project portfolio risk forward.fund-vehiclesjoellewisCompare and select investment vehicles including mutual funds, ETFs, index funds, and separately managed accounts. Use when the user asks about ETF vs mutual fund, expense ratios, fund tax efficiency, ETF creation/redemption, tracking error, or share class comparisons. Also trigger when users mention 'which fund should I buy', 'Vanguard vs Fidelity', 'index fund costs', '12b-1 fees', 'load vs no-load', 'SMA vs ETF', 'fund turnover ratio', 'securities lending', or ask how fees compound over time.gips-compliancejoellewisEnsure firms claiming GIPS compliance under the CFA Institute Global Investment Performance Standards satisfy requirements for composite construction, performance calculation, presentation, and verification. Use when the user asks about building composites, time-weighted return calculation under GIPS, GIPS Reports and pooled fund reports, error correction policies, wrap fee or SMA program performance under GIPS, GIPS verification, or GIPS advertising guidelines. Also trigger when users mention 'historical-riskjoellewisQuantify realized risk from historical data using volatility estimators, drawdown analysis, and downside risk metrics. Use when the user asks about historical volatility, maximum drawdown, drawdown duration, historical VaR, downside deviation, semi-variance, or tracking error. Also trigger when users mention 'how risky has this been', 'worst decline', 'Parkinson estimator', 'Yang-Zhang', 'peak-to-trough loss', 'recovery time', 'annualized volatility', or ask how to measure past investment risk.investment-policyjoellewisConstruct comprehensive Investment Policy Statements governing return objectives, risk tolerance, and portfolio constraints. Use when the user asks about building an IPS, setting return objectives, assessing risk tolerance, defining investment constraints, or establishing rebalancing and benchmark policies. Also trigger when users mention 'investment plan', 'policy portfolio', 'risk capacity vs willingness', 'spending rate for an endowment', 'foundation payout', 'manager selection criteria', or investment-suitabilityjoellewisAssess investment suitability obligations under FINRA Rules 2111 and 2090 across all three suitability prongs. Use when the user asks about reasonable-basis, customer-specific, or quantitative suitability, product-specific concerns for complex products, leveraged ETFs, variable annuities, or alternatives, household-level suitability and concentration analysis, hold recommendations, or the institutional suitability exemption. Also trigger when users mention 'is this investment suitable', 'suitabiknow-your-customerjoellewisGuide customer onboarding identification, due diligence, and profile maintenance under FINRA Rule 2090, the CIP rules, and the FinCEN CDD Rule. Use when the user asks about onboarding identity verification, beneficial ownership collection for entity accounts, enhanced due diligence for PEPs or high-risk customers at account opening, assigning the initial customer risk rating, KYC refresh triggers, or documentary vs non-documentary verification. Also trigger when users mention 'account opening relendingjoellewisAnalyze lending products including mortgages, HELOCs, and personal loans with amortization and comparison tools. Use when the user asks about mortgage comparison, fixed vs ARM rates, loan qualification, amortization schedules, extra payments, or buying points. Also trigger when users mention 'monthly payment calculation', '15-year vs 30-year mortgage', 'PMI', 'APR vs interest rate', 'HELOC', 'home equity', 'should I buy down the rate', 'biweekly payments', or ask how much house they can afford.liquidity-managementjoellewisPlan and manage cash flow to ensure adequate liquidity while minimizing opportunity cost of excess cash. Use when the user asks about cash flow forecasting, CD or bond laddering, liquidity tiers, income smoothing for variable earners, or sweep strategies. Also trigger when users mention 'T-bill ladder', 'where to park cash', 'irregular income budgeting', 'freelancer cash management', 'lumpy expenses', 'liquidity ratio', 'how much cash to hold', or ask how to plan for large upcoming expenses.margin-operationsjoellewisGuide margin lending, margin requirements, and margin call operations for brokerage and advisory accounts. Use when calculating Reg T initial margin or buying power, determining maintenance margin or house requirements, evaluating portfolio margin eligibility under OCC TIMS, generating or resolving margin calls (fed call, house call, exchange call, day-trade call), designing forced liquidation waterfall logic, structuring securities-backed lines of credit (SBLOC), computing margin interest impacnext-best-actionjoellewisDesign and implement next-best-action engines that surface proactive, prioritized recommendations to advisors based on portfolio, life, market, and compliance events. Use when the user asks about building event-driven advisor alerts, designing trigger logic for portfolio drift or large cash movements, prioritizing competing actions across a book of business, routing NBA recommendations to the right team member, measuring NBA acceptance rates, or automating compliance-driven actions like annual roperational-riskjoellewisGuide identification, measurement, and management of operational risk in trading and brokerage operations. Use when designing trade error detection and correction procedures, investigating trade breaks and reconciliation failures, classifying loss events under Basel taxonomy, developing key risk indicators (KRIs) and dashboards, responding to system outages or data feed failures or order routing errors, conducting root cause analysis after a trade error or operational incident, planning businessorder-management-advisorjoellewisManage the advisor trade lifecycle from order entry through settlement, covering block trading, allocation, pre-trade compliance, custodian routing, and error correction. Use when the user asks about designing an OMS for an RIA, executing model portfolio changes across many accounts, structuring block trades with fair allocation, configuring pre-trade compliance rules or restricted lists, routing orders to multiple custodians, handling trade errors or corrections, managing cash in trading workflperformance-attributionjoellewisDecompose portfolio returns into explainable components to identify where value was added or lost. Use when the user asks about Brinson attribution, allocation vs selection effects, factor-based attribution, fixed-income attribution, or currency attribution. Also trigger when users mention 'what drove my returns', 'was it stock picking or sector bets', 'alpha decomposition', 'multi-period linking', 'interaction effect', 'active return breakdown', or ask why their portfolio outperformed or underpperformance-metricsjoellewisEvaluate investment performance on a risk-adjusted basis using industry-standard ratios and capture analysis. Use when the user asks about Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Information Ratio, Treynor ratio, Calmar ratio, Omega ratio, or upside/downside capture. Also trigger when users mention 'risk-adjusted returns', 'return per unit of risk', 'M-squared', 'is this fund worth the volatility', 'how to compare two managers', 'capture ratio', or ask which investment performed better after accounting forperformance-reportingjoellewisGenerate clear, accurate performance reports for investment portfolios with benchmarks, attribution, and risk dashboards. Use when the user asks about portfolio performance reports, return summaries, benchmark comparison, risk dashboards, goal progress tracking, or GIPS-compliant reporting. Also trigger when users mention 'quarterly report', 'how did my portfolio do', 'time-weighted vs money-weighted return', 'annualized returns', 'net-of-fee performance', 'rolling Sharpe', or ask how to presentportfolio-management-systemsjoellewisSelect, configure, and operate portfolio management systems for advisory firms, covering model portfolios, UMA/sleeve management, drift monitoring, rebalancing, and custodian data feeds. Use when the user asks about choosing a PMS platform, building or distributing model portfolios, implementing UMA or sleeve-based management, setting drift monitoring thresholds, aggregating held-away assets, reconciling PMS with custodian records, configuring PMS-based billing, or troubleshooting custodian feedpost-trade-compliancejoellewisGuide post-trade compliance monitoring and trade surveillance system design. Use when building alert logic to detect churning, front-running, cherry-picking, layering, spoofing, wash trading, or marking the close, implementing post-trade best execution review, evaluating allocation fairness with pro-rata verification or dispersion analysis, designing exception-based monitoring workflows with escalation paths, correlating trading with MNPI events for insider trading detection, building personal tpre-trade-compliancejoellewisGuide the design and implementation of automated pre-trade compliance systems that validate orders before execution. Use when building a compliance rule engine for an RIA or broker-dealer, configuring hard blocks and soft blocks, maintaining restricted and watch lists including MNPI-driven restrictions, setting concentration limits at security/sector/issuer level, implementing position limits or short selling controls, enforcing wash sale detection or free-riding prevention or pattern day traderproposal-generationjoellewisGenerate end-to-end investment proposals covering risk profiling, model portfolio recommendation, fee illustration, projections, and compliance review. Use when the user asks about creating a proposal for a prospect, mapping risk questionnaire scores to model portfolios, building fee illustrations with tiered costs, producing Monte Carlo or scenario projections, analyzing a prospect's current portfolio for improvement opportunities, reviewing proposals for SEC Marketing Rule compliance, or desigqualitative-valuationjoellewisAssess business quality, competitive positioning, and sustainability of value creation beyond financial models. Use when the user asks about economic moats, competitive advantages, Porter's Five Forces, management quality, ESG integration, or business model analysis. Also trigger when users mention 'does this company have a moat', 'switching costs', 'network effects', 'brand value', 'management track record', 'capital allocation', 'insider ownership', 'red flags', or ask whether a company's advaquantitative-valuationjoellewisEstimate intrinsic value of stocks and companies using DCF, dividend discount models, comparable multiples, and residual income. Use when the user asks about discounted cash flow, DCF models, WACC, terminal value, dividend discount models, comparable multiples, or sum-of-the-parts valuation. Also trigger when users mention 'what is this stock worth', 'fair value estimate', 'Gordon growth model', 'free cash flow valuation', 'cost of equity', 'sensitivity analysis', 'exit multiple', or ask whetherreal-assetsjoellewisAnalyze real estate and infrastructure investments including REITs, direct property valuation, and infrastructure assets. Use when the user asks about real estate investing, REITs, cap rates, NOI, FFO, AFFO, property valuation, or infrastructure investments. Also trigger when users mention 'rental property analysis', 'cash-on-cash return', 'gross rent multiplier', 'REIT dividends', 'real estate sectors', 'cell towers', 'toll roads', 'LTV ratio', 'DSCR', or ask whether to invest in real estate direbalancingjoellewisMaintain portfolio allocations over time using calendar-based, threshold-based, and tax-efficient rebalancing strategies. Use when the user asks about when to rebalance, rebalancing bands, transaction cost trade-offs, tax-efficient rebalancing, or the rebalancing premium. Also trigger when users mention 'my portfolio drifted', 'how often should I rebalance', 'rebalancing across taxable and IRA accounts', 'volatility harvesting', 'buy low sell high automatically', or ask whether to use cash flowsreconciliationjoellewisDesign and operate reconciliation processes across portfolio management, custodian, and clearing systems. Use when building a daily position, cash, or transaction reconciliation process, investigating discrepancies between internal records and custodian records, diagnosing recurring break patterns from corporate actions or pricing differences, setting tolerance thresholds for position, cash, or market value matching, implementing three-way reconciliation, designing break investigation workflows reference-datajoellewisDesign and manage reference data systems — security master, client master, account master, identifier mapping, pricing data sources, golden source designation, and governance. Use when building or evaluating a security master database, mapping identifiers across systems (CUSIP to ISIN, SEDOL to FIGI), designing client master models for onboarding or KYC, defining account master attributes across custodians, designating golden sources and MDM patterns across systems, establishing a pricing vendorreg-bijoellewisAnalyze the broker-dealer standard of conduct under SEC Regulation Best Interest's four obligations: Disclosure, Care, Conflict of Interest, and Compliance. Owns what triggers a 'recommendation' under Reg BI and the canonical comparison of Reg BI vs FINRA suitability vs IA fiduciary duty. Use when the user asks whether a broker-dealer recommendation satisfies Reg BI, how to evaluate reasonably available alternatives, rollover recommendation compliance, dual-registrant capacity disclosure, share regulatory-reportingjoellewisGuide regulatory filing mechanics and deadlines for investment advisers, broker-dealers, and large traders — which forms to file, where, and by when. Use when the user asks about Form PF filing thresholds, 13F institutional holdings reports, 13H large trader filings, Form ADV amendment filing timing (including the annual updating amendment filed via IARD), FOCUS report preparation, blue sheet requests, CAT reporting infrastructure, or FINRA short interest and TRACE reporting. Also trigger when ureturn-calculationsjoellewisCompute and compare investment return metrics including TWR, MWR (dollar-weighted IRR on portfolio cash flows), CAGR, and annualized returns. Use when the user asks about portfolio performance calculation, comparing manager returns, linking sub-period returns, understanding why different return methods give different numbers, converting returns across time periods, or computing the IRR of an investor's own contributions and withdrawals. Also trigger when users mention 'how much did I make', 'annsavings-goalsjoellewisPlan and track savings for specific financial goals including retirement, education, and home purchase. Use when the user asks about required savings rates, 529 plans, retirement accumulation targets, down payment planning, or goal prioritization. Also trigger when users mention 'how much do I need to save each month', 'am I on track for retirement', 'college savings', 'safe withdrawal rate', '4% rule', 'FIRE savings rate', 'catch-up contributions', 'employer match', or ask how to balance compet