---name: pr-lensdescription: WHAT: Draws a code change or part of a codebase as an animated architecture or data-flow diagram, on its own or in a pull request. WHEN: asked to diagram, visualise or explain a change or a system, or when a pull request should carry a diagram. KEYWORDS: PR Lens, diagram, architecture, data flow, visualise, visualize, pull request---

PR Lens

PR Lens draws code as visually rich animated diagrams. It can represent diffs, architecture, data flows, and more.

The diff or code is represented as one JSON document (lanes, nodes, edges, ordered flows) and it renders the JSON as an animated SVG

Operating manual

Decide where the diagram lands before you write it: a canvas, or an SVG and a pull request comment. Only a canvas draws payload, the sample request and response on a flow step. A late decision costs another pass through steps 2 and 3.

1. Read the diff. When asked to represent a code change: git diff --find-renames <base>...<head>. The base is the merge base, not the tip of the base branch.

   If not expressing a code diff, read the code to be visually represented

2. Write the document to .pr-lens/graph.json, following references/graph-document.md. references/example.graph.json is valid reference with three lanes, all four delta states, a hero edge, a seven-step flow, a nested drill-down tree and a six-step walkthrough. Read it before you write your first one. It is quicker than reading the reference. If it is going to a canvas, give every flow step (messages) that moves data a payload as you write it. "Sample traffic on a flow step" below says what goes in one. Only a flow step carries one. Flows need the data-flow lens, so an architecture view draws none.

3. Validate, and fix

   npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest validate .pr-lens/graph.json
   

   Fix every failure and run it again. Do not render an invalid document; do not "work around" a failure by deleting the element it names.

4. Render.

   npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest render .pr-lens/graph.json --theme light
   

   Render light by default unless the user requests another theme. The SVGs, the manifest and drawn.graph.json land in a directory of their own under .pr-lens/, named after the document's title. The render prints that path, so read it from there. The CLI adds .pr-lens/ to the repository's .gitignore. Do not commit any of it. These files are rebuilt from the diff whenever anyone wants them again. Each SVG is named after its view, the theme and a content hash; manifest.json lists them by lens and view, so read the names from there or from the directory.

   If the user asked for a diagram, an explanation or a picture of the architecture and nothing more, put it on a canvas and hand back the link:

   npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas push .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json
   

   Pass the path the render printed. A bare canvas push finds the drawing when the checkout holds only one; with more than one it lists them and asks which, so always pass the path.

   It prints three links. Give the user the view link, https://prlens.dev/c/{id}: that is the diagram, full screen, every view on one page, and it opens without a login. The edit link, the one ending in #w=…, lets its holder push over the canvas, so leave it out of the reply unless they ask, and never paste it anywhere public. The embed link serves the top view as an SVG for a README.

   Pushing the same document again updates the same canvas, so a follow-up such as "rename that node" or "add the queue" is: edit the document, validate, render, push. While the title stays the same, it renders to the same directory and pushes to the same canvas, so the link does not change. If the push fails, say so and tell them where the SVGs are and which one is the top view.

   A different diagram only needs a different title. It renders into its own directory and pushes to its own canvas, and the first one stays as it was. canvas list shows them all.

5. Attach, when there is a pull request to attach to. That means the user asked you to open a PR, asked for a diagram on one that exists, or you are opening a PR as part of changes made. Otherwise skip this step.

How the diagram gets there depends on the forge. Run git remote get-url origin to see the host before you write a body around a flag that forge may not have.

GitHub. GitHub CLI uploads the diagram with the pull request. Write the body with a Markdown image pointing at the local file, then pass the same path to --attach. gh rewrites the reference to the uploaded asset and keeps the alt text you wrote:

Moves bulk sending off the per-recipient trigger and onto a batch endpoint.

![Architecture after this change: the queue route, the new bulk sender and the retired per-recipient path](.pr-lens/overview-light-4f9bd6c1.svg)

gh pr create --title "Batch broadcast sends" --body-file .pr-lens/body.md \
  --attach .pr-lens/overview-light-4f9bd6c1.svg

On a pull request that already exists, gh pr edit <number> with the same two flags puts the diagram in the description, and gh pr comment <number> puts it in a comment. Repeat --attach for each diagram the body references.

gh has three rules:

• The reference has to be a Markdown image, ![alt](path). An HTML <img> or <picture> is left as written, and the file is appended at the bottom of the body instead.
• The alt text is the caption a reader without images gets. Say what the diagram shows, in one line.
• --attach arrived in GitHub CLI 2.99. Check with gh --version before you write a body around it.

Attach the views a reviewer needs and leave the rest in .pr-lens/: the top architecture view first, then a data flow if the change has a sequence worth following. A body with four diagrams reads worse than one with two, except the four are really needed to understand the change e.g., in the case of a complex feature or refactor.

GitLab. Nothing uploads the file with the description for you, so upload each SVG to the project first. The response includes the Markdown to paste into the description:

curl -sf --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: ${GITLAB_TOKEN}" \
  --form "file=@.pr-lens/overview-light-4f9bd6c1.svg" \
  "https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/<url-encoded-path>/uploads"
# → {"markdown":"![overview-light-4f9bd6c1](/uploads/…/overview-light-4f9bd6c1.svg)", …}

glab mr create --title "Batch broadcast sends" --description "$(cat .pr-lens/body.md)"

An uploaded image loads for every reader of the merge request. A raw file URL on a private project does not. The catch is that the attachment URL is the permission: it is unguessable, but anyone who has it can see the diagram, member or not. Tell the user this if the project is private. GitLab strips <picture>, so render with --theme neutral and reference that single SVG. The neutral render has its own background and reads in both light and dark mode. Either half of the light/dark pair looks wrong in one of them.

Bitbucket. Comments and descriptions are plain Markdown with no HTML, so there are no collapsible sections or theme pairs. Render with --theme neutral here too. Publish the SVGs somewhere durable, such as the repository's Downloads or a canvas, and reference them as ordinary Markdown images.

On any forge where --attach is not an option, publish the SVGs somewhere durable and let the CLI compose the comment instead:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest comment \
  --graph .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json \
  --manifest .pr-lens/<drawing>/manifest.json \
  --asset-base-url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/<owner>/<repo>/<branch>/<dir>

--graph takes the drawing's own drawn.graph.json, not the document you wrote, because corrections change what the diagrams show and the CLI refuses a document its manifest does not describe. --asset-base-url is where you published the SVGs; leave it out and the markdown points at local paths no reader can fetch. The markdown goes to stdout, with each diagram as a <picture> pair; posting it is your business.

Add --target gitlab or --target bitbucket when the comment is not for GitHub, so the composer writes markup that forge can render. GitHub gets <picture> theme pairs and collapsible drill-downs. GitLab gets the same HTML with the single neutral render. Bitbucket gets plain Markdown with the views flattened. With the wrong target, the comment shows its tags as raw text.

If you would rather not author the document yourself, npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest analyze --base <ref> does steps 1 and 2 by asking a provider — Gemini, OpenAI, or any endpoint speaking /chat/completions — with a key of your own. That is the only path here that needs one.

Answering beside an open canvas

Once a canvas is pushed, you can answer questions about it on the canvas itself. The reader keeps the page open, asks you in the terminal, and your answer plays there: the camera moves step by step, what you name lights up, and each name is a link.

Run this once, when the user wants to talk about a canvas they have open or are about to open. Name the drawing you pushed, the same path as the push:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas open .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json

It opens one browser tab that follows you. Only that tab moves. Anyone else reading the same link sees the canvas as it was. Every command below talks to that tab, and takes the same path as --drawing. Always pass it: a checkout can hold several canvases, and the path says which one you mean.

When the user gives you a link to a canvas you did not push, like https://prlens.dev/c/<id>, open it with the link. This works from any folder, as long as the canvas is not private:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas open --canvas https://prlens.dev/c/<id>

The CLI saves a copy of the drawing to .pr-lens/canvases/<id>.graph.json. Take the ids for your answer from that file. In the commands below, use --canvas <id> in place of --drawing. A private canvas opens only for its owner, after they run npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest auth login.

When the user says "this", "here" or "what I selected", look first. They clicked a component, dragged a box or picked a part of a drawing in the tab, and you cannot see it:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas look --drawing .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json

It prints JSON: the diagram they are on (diagram.stage, ready to paste into a step), what is on screen (inFrame), what they selected (scope), the answer they have open, and the drawing hung under the canvas (fork), if there is one. Answer about scope when it is set. following: false means they left agent mode: tell them the answer is waiting rather than saying you moved their canvas.

Answer with a JSON file, or - to pipe it in:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas answer .pr-lens/answer.json --drawing .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json

{
  "question": "What does push check first?",
  "steps": [
    {
      "heading": "Push checks the token first",
      "stage": { "kind": "view", "view": "overview" },
      "focus": { "kind": "selection", "nodes": ["canvas-api"] },
      "paragraphs": [
        {
          "parts": [
            { "text": "The " },
            { "text": "canvas API", "ref": { "kind": "component", "id": "canvas-api" } },
            { "text": " refuses a push without the write token, before it draws anything." }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

• One to four steps. Two is usual. Each step stops on one diagram, in the order a reader should follow.
• heading is a sentence of at most six words: who or what, a verb, what happens. The first step's heading is the answer. To a yes or no question it says yes or no.
• stage and focus work exactly as they do in a walkthrough. Leave stage out for the opening diagram. Light one or two things, not half the diagram.
• A paragraph is one or two sentences and at most 30 words. A second paragraph is for a failure or a risk the first did not name.
• Every place you name carries a ref: component is a node id, message is flowId/messageId, diagram is a view or flow id. Copy ids from the document exactly. Never make one up. The CLI checks every id against the drawing before sending, and the app checks again; a wrong one comes back with the ids that exist.
• When the canvas cannot answer part of the question, say what is missing in cannotTell rather than guessing.

"Take me to X" is a camera move, not an answer:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas show --drawing .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json \
  --diagram send-pipeline --focus send-pipeline/enqueue --open send-pipeline/enqueue

--focus takes node ids or flow/message and repeats. --open opens that message's sample payload.

"What's inside X", "expand on X" or "break X down" is a drawing. Write a small graph document of X's insides (up to ten nodes) and hang it under X:

npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest canvas fork .pr-lens/inside-x.json --from x --drawing .pr-lens/<drawing>/drawn.graph.json

The sketch can leave out schemaVersion, kind and provenance; they come from the canvas.

When the question needs the diagram itself changed (a missing component, a wrong arrow), edit the document, validate, render and canvas push as usual. The open tab reloads onto the new revision by itself.

After answer, show and fork, the CLI says where the reader is. If it says they stepped out, tell the user the answer is waiting in their Questions list, and that / opens it.

The pull request body, when there is one

A reviewer should understand the change before reading the diff, so the diagram goes where they look first: the description, not a trailing comment. Open with one sentence on why the change exists, then the architecture diagram, then whatever proves the change works, such as a screenshot of the result or a recording of the interaction. Use one visual per idea. A diagram that needs a paragraph of explanation has a document problem; go back to step 2.

What makes a document worth reading

• Include what did not change. A diagram of only the changed nodes says nothing about blast radius. The unchanged neighbours a change touches are the context; mark them delta: "unchanged".
• Lanes are the reader's mental model (a runtime, a tier, a boundary), not the folder tree.
• One hero edge, two at the outside: the connection the change is really about.
• Add a flow only when there is a sequence worth animating. One good flow beats three thin ones.
• Attach file refs: they become the permalinks a reviewer clicks.
• There is no findings lens. PR Lens is the comprehension layer, not another review bot. There is no field for a bug, a risk or a security note, and a document that invents one is rejected rather than trimmed.

Choosing architecture views

Treat architecture views as a C4-inspired decision tree, not a checklist. One useful view is enough for a small change. Start with system context when the change affects a user, an external system or a system boundary. Use a container view for the affected applications, services, jobs, data stores and runtimes. Add a component child only when an affected container's internals matter. Do not add code-level views by default.

Every child moves down one level and covers a materially narrower scope. Skip empty, repetitive or speculative levels, and do not infer architecture from folder names alone. Two views should not carry substantially the same nodes and edges. Keep the unchanged direct neighbours that explain blast radius.

Keep data-flow views as separate roots rather than nesting them in the architecture tree. Set defaultOpen: true on the highest useful architecture view. Lower levels should normally keep the default, false.

Writing a walkthrough

A walkthrough is a short guided tour of the diagrams. It has two to twelve steps. Each step shows one diagram, points at one part of it, and says a few words about it. A canvas plays it, and the reader scrolls through it.

The contract leaves a walkthrough optional. Write one anyway for anything that is not trivial: more than one diagram, a diagram with several changed parts, or any flow. Skip it only when the document is one small diagram whose single step would just repeat the title.

Aim for three to seven steps.

A walkthrough is the fastest read of a pull request. Each step is one change: something added, changed, removed or moved, in the order a reviewer needs it. A step is never a description of the diagram.

What counts as a step: a behaviour change, an API change, an architecture change, a data-flow change, or an addition. Unchanged parts appear only where a step needs them to make sense. The headline change is step one. An overview of everything touched, if there is one, is the last step.

"walkthrough": {
  "steps": [
    {
      "id": "four-batch-calls",
      "heading": "Postmark now gets 500 emails per call",
      "body": "One call per batch, and Postmark answers with a result for each message.",
      "stage": { "kind": "flow", "flow": "send-pipeline" },
      "focus": { "kind": "selection", "messages": ["batch-post", "batch-results"] }
    },
    {
      "id": "blast-radius",
      "heading": "4 parts added, 2 removed, across 3 lanes",
      "body": "A 2,000-person broadcast used to make 2,000 calls to Postmark. It now makes 4.",
      "stage": { "kind": "view", "view": "overview" }
    }
  ]
}

Each step has:

• heading: the thing and what happened to it, up to 48 characters, in sentence case. Build it from change words: added, removed, replaced, now, moved, split. If a heading could have been true before the pull request, it is not a change heading.
• body: one line under the heading, up to 140 characters, on what the change means for behaviour: what happens now that did not before, or what stops happening, with the numbers when they matter. Not a restatement of the heading, and not a description of the code. A heading with no body reads as unfinished, so the body is required.
• stage: which diagram to show. A document can have several diagrams: its views (the drill-down diagrams) and its flows (the sequence diagrams). { "kind": "view", "view": "overview" } shows the view called overview. { "kind": "flow", "flow": "send-pipeline" } shows the flow called send-pipeline. Leave stage out and the step uses the diagram the reader is already on. Open on the widest view with the focus left out, so the reader sees the whole thing before it narrows.
• focus: what to zoom in on inside that diagram. { "kind": "all" }, the default, means the whole diagram. A selection means "just these things": name any lanes, nodes, edges or flow steps (messages) by id, and the camera zooms to them while everything else dims. Focus the elements the step's change touched, so the veil lights the change. Point at two or three of them. A step that lights half the diagram has not said anything.

Write every word for a smart twelve-year-old: short common words, one idea per line, active voice, things named as the diagram names them, numbers as digits. If a line needs a second read, rewrite it. Words like leverages, orchestrates, asynchronous pipeline and fan-out never belong in a step. This holds in whatever language the document is written in.

The same three steps, written well and written badly. Heading first, then the body after the slash:

Write this	Not this
Route now queues the job instead of sending / The API call finishes at once. A worker sends the mail later.	Broadcast fan-out moves behind the queue / The API route now enqueues broadcast jobs for asynchronous batch processing instead of sending emails inline.
Postmark now gets 500 emails per call / One call per batch instead of one call per person.	Batched delivery replaces single sends / The worker leverages the shared library to send emails in chunks of 500 via Postmark's batch endpoint.
processBroadcast and sendSingleEmail removed / sendBroadcastBulk does their job for whole batches.	Single send functions are retired / sendBroadcastBulk replaces processBroadcast and sendSingleEmail to handle bulk deliveries in chunks.

Keep consecutive steps on the same stage together. Every change of stage flies the camera across the canvas, so a tour that alternates between two diagrams spends its time travelling.

The validator checks:

• Every id you name exists in the document. A flow step you name must belong to the flow the stage shows, because flow step ids are only unique inside their own flow.
• messages needs a stage that shows a flow. Leave it out when the stage is an architecture view.
• Step ids are unique within the walkthrough. Two steps minimum, twelve maximum.
• A stored map never carries a walkthrough. A map describes the system; a walkthrough tells the story of one change.

The field arrived with contract 0.1.1. A CLI older than 0.4.0 does not know it and rejects the whole document as an invented field, so validate with a current one.

Sample traffic on a flow step

A flow step can carry a payload: what travels on it. Only the canvas draws it, in the rail that opens when a reader clicks a step. Nothing in an SVG or a pull request comment changes. Write it when the document is going to a canvas (step 4, canvas push) and leave it out otherwise. Six payloads on the reference document add half its length again, so this is not a field to fill by default.

On a canvas document, add it to a step that moves data: a request body, a job record, a query, a result. Leave it off a step that only signals, such as a trigger with nothing attached.

{
  "id": "batch-post",
  "from": "send-broadcast-bulk",
  "to": "postmark",
  "label": "POST /email/batch",
  "kind": "sync",
  "delta": "added",
  "repeat": 4,
  "payload": {
    "request": {
      "type": "EmailBatch[500]",
      "shape": "Email[]  // max 500\nEmail = { From: string; To: string; Subject: string; HtmlBody: string; MessageStream: \"broadcast\"; Metadata: { campaignId: string; batchId: string } }",
      "sample": [
        {
          "From": "news@example.com",
          "To": "ada@example.com",
          "Subject": "The batching issue, fixed",
          "HtmlBody": "<!doctype html><html><body>…",
          "MessageStream": "broadcast",
          "Metadata": { "campaignId": "cmp_0001", "batchId": "b_0001" }
        }
      ],
      "before": [
        {
          "From": "news@example.com",
          "To": "ada@example.com",
          "Subject": "The batching issue, fixed",
          "HtmlBody": "<!doctype html><html><body>…",
          "Metadata": { "campaignId": "cmp_0001" }
        }
      ],
      "source": { "path": "tests/fixtures/postmark-batch.json" }
    },
    "response": {
      "type": "BatchResult[500]",
      "shape": "SendResult[]  // one per Email, same order",
      "sample": [{ "ErrorCode": 0, "Message": "OK", "To": "ada@example.com", "MessageID": "b7fa5c1e-…" }]
    }
  }
}

A payload has a request side, a response side, or both. Each side has:

• type: the name a reader of the code would recognise. Put the count in it when the step carries a collection: EmailBatch[500], not EmailBatch. Write { "type": "void" } for a side that carries nothing, such as the answer to a fire and forget call.
• shape: the type signature as text, taken from the code's own types. Up to 2048 bytes.
• sample: one exemplar instance after the change, written inline as JSON. It is a JSON value, not a JSON string: "sample": [{ "To": "ada@example.com" }], never "sample": "[{\"To\": ...}]". A string here is rejected. Every key once, one element in any array, long strings cut with an ellipsis. At most 8 levels deep and 4096 bytes once serialised. The parser refuses a sample over either cap rather than trimming it.
• before: the same exemplar as it was before the change, when it differs. Same rules as sample, and it needs a sample to differ from.
• source: the fixture or type the shape and sample came from, as a file reference. It becomes the permalink.

Use placeholder values: ada@example.com, cmp_0001. Never copy a value from a fixture that could belong to a real person or unlock something, even in test data.

Do not write changedPaths. The paths that differ between before and sample are worked out when the document is stored. A list you write is discarded.

The field arrived with contract 0.2.0. A CLI built before it rejects the whole document as an invented field, so validate with a current one.

What the validator will catch

Read references/graph-document.md before writing. The four failures that account for nearly everything:

Code	What you did
BROKEN_REFERENCE	an edge, a flow step, a view or a walkthrough step names an id you never declared
INVALID_DOCUMENT	an invented field; the schemas are strict, unknown keys are rejected
DUPLICATE_ID	two nodes, edges or views sharing an id
UNSUPPORTED_SCHEMA_VERSION	schemaVersion is not the contract version installed

Seven rules cannot be expressed in JSON Schema and are checked only by the parser, so structured output alone does not make a document valid: referential integrity, a line range that ends before it starts, a self message whose endpoints disagree, a patch whose two commits are the same, more views than a render manifest could describe, a walkthrough step focusing flow steps the diagram on its stage does not draw, and sample traffic past its depth or byte caps. Always validate.

Fixing a map instead of writing one

When someone says the diagram is wrong (a node is misnamed, a folder should not be on it, something sits in the wrong lane), do not edit the generated document. It is regenerated on every run. Write the correction into .github/pr-lens.yml, which is an overlay applied over fresh inference every time:

schemaVersion: 0.2.0
map:
  rename:
    - match: functions/src/broadcast/sendBroadcastBulk.ts
      to: Broadcast sender
  exclude:
    - "**/*.test.ts"
  lane:
    - match: packages/broadcast-lib/**
      lane: functions

references/config.md has the full format and the recipes. Validate it the same way: npx @coldtea/pr-lens-cli@latest validate .github/pr-lens.yml.

A match beginning with id: addresses one node exactly; anything else is a path glob matched against a node's file paths. Prefer the glob, because it keeps holding when the next run names the node differently. A lane pin may name a lane the document never declared: the band is created, and takes the id for its label, so give it one a reader would want to see.

pr-lens render says so when a correction matched nothing, which is how a config that has drifted, because the file it named moved or was deleted, becomes visible instead of quietly doing nothing.

What ships with this skill

Everything you need is beside this page. Nothing here asks you to install a package first.

references/graph-document.md	the document, field by field: enums, limits, and where documents actually go wrong
references/config.md	.github/pr-lens.yml, the correction overlay, in full
references/example.graph.json	one complete document that validates, to read and to copy the shape of

The same document ships as postmark-refactor.graph.json in @coldtea/pr-lens-schema, and the JSON Schema the validator enforces is published at https://unpkg.com/@coldtea/pr-lens-schema/json-schema/graph-doc.schema.json. Neither is something you need to fetch to write a document.